War es seit den 80er Jahren immer schon ein Thema, inwiefern es bereits eine deutsche Soziologie im Nationalsozialismus gegeben habe, um deren habituelles und personelles Fortwirken in der Formation der BRD-Soziologie als Belastung konsequent aufklären zu können (Klingemann 1981 Rammstedt 1986), so ist die Auf-merksamkeit neuerdings okkupiert durch die Fragestellung, ob sich die deutsche Soziologie als Fach nach 1945 eigentlich unangemessen konstituiert hat, weil sie sich zunächst und auch später nicht auf eine Soziologie des Nationalsozialismus konzentriert habe (Christ/Suderland (Hg.) 2014 Becker 2014). The crisis of Fordism and the ensuing social discontinuities and complexities did not give rise to historical sociology but were felt mainly within theory.ġ Vorspann Es gibt eine entwickelte Geschichtsschreibung der deutschen Soziologie von 1945/1949 bis in die Gegenwart, begonnen in den 70er Jahren in der Auseinandersetzung zwischen Lepsius und Schelsky (Lepsius 1979 Schelsky 1981) und fortgesetzt in den immer erneuten Versuchen der 68er-Soziologen, in kritischer Haltung diese Fachgeschichte zu schreiben (z. The extinguishing of the Weimar-era historical school in sociology meant that only high theory and “American-style” empirical social research remained as vital options. In Germany, however, the society-wide destabilization after the mid-1970s did not lead to a historicization of sociology. The influx of historical sociologists to the USA from Germany was unable to produce a historicization of the discipline until 1970s, when positivist hegemony was challenged for other reasons, mainly external to the discipline. The explanation of these trends is multicausal and conjunctural. The handful of exiled historical sociologists who returned to Germany after 1945 were marginalized, stopped working historically, or moved into other disciplines. Several leading Weimar-era historical sociologists stayed in Germany after 1933 but were unable to reestablish their prominence either because of their Nazi collaboration or because their work was dismissed by a new generation trained during the Nazi period or trained in the USA after the war. In Germany, historical sociology failed to survive the Nazi period. For reasons explored here, the historical orientation of these exiled intellectuals had little resonance in the USA until the 1970s. After 1933, the majority of German historical sociologists went into exile, most of them to the USA. Historical sociology was one of the two poles of German sociology before 1933, whereas historical sociology had only a handful of proponents in the USA at that time. The article focuses on extrascientific determinants such as political support for historical scholarship and macrosocial crisis or stability, as well as determinants that are more proximate or internal to the scientific field, such as the ongoing struggle between different epistemologies and the ability of historical sociology to sequester itself into a protected subfield. It examines the flows of social scientists between those two countries due to forced exile from Nazi Germany, the American military occupation after 1945, and the voluntary exchange of scholars. This paper examines the reasons for the variable incidence and differing forms of historical sociology in several different historical periods, with a focus on Germany and the USA. Stephan Moebius is Professor of Sociological Theory and Intellectual History at the University of Graz, Austria. This work will appeal to students and scholars of sociology, and to a general readership interested in the history of Germany. The final chapters are devoted to sociology in the German Democratic Republic and the period from 1990 to the present day. The book begins with sociology in the German Reich, the Weimar Republic, National Socialism and exile, before exploring sociology after 1945 as a ‘key discipline’ of the young Federal Republic of Germany, and reconstructing the periods from 1945 to 1968 and from 1968 to 1990. Throughout the book, the author relates the discipline’s history to its historical, economic, political and cultural contexts. This open access book traces the development of sociology in Germany from the late 19th century to the present day, providing a concise overview of the main actors, institutional processes, theories, methods, topics and controversies.
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